Oceania Citizen in 1984 - 751 Words

A Utopia turned wrong would cause suspicion, discomfort, curiosity, anger, malevolent behavior and all loss for true love. Riots would occur turning civilized people to become savages and barbarians. Half of this is true for the country of Oceania. A Utopia that is not so perfect is depicted in George Orwells famous novel, 1984. Some citizens are turned against the government and its officials when they discover the falsehoods and corrupt ideas of their Utopian government. Oceania citizen Winston Smith discovers the many false aspect of his society and tries to rise against this tainted government. The citizens of Oceania are stuck in helpless situations full of insane laws, are punished cruelly by a controlling government, and are†¦show more content†¦This would make anyone feel deprived of their thoughts. Without being able to write your thoughts down would make someone feel uneducated. The apprehension of thinking or writing any thing wrong would make anyone of any time, past, present, or future feel isolated from their individualism. The citizens of Oceania are stuck in helpless situations full of insane laws, are punished cruelly by a controlling government, and ripped of their privacy and individualism. Citizens discover that there is no way to escape the controlling and cruel laws of their government. George Orwell try to show us how our actions can affect us, and how this may happen in the future if we do not change our path now. Although the year 1984 has passed, Orwells prophetic vision of the future can still becomeShow MoreRelatedJoseph Stalin And 1984847 Words   |  4 Pagesfictitious government of Oceania in George Orwell’s 1984 and Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Republic. When looking at the way Stalin ran his regime, as well as the effect it had on the citizens of the nation, it’s clear to see that Orwell may have drawn inspiration from Stalin’s Soviet Union when designing the fictitious Oceania. The quality of living in the Soviet Union at the time was almost identical to that portrayed in 1984. The division of wealth among the people of Oceania also seemed inspired byRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1531 Words   |  7 Pagesin his literary work 1984. In 1984, Winston Smith, the protagonist, would team up with Julia, a fellow nonconformist, to fight the Party, and more specifically, Big Brother, all taking place in the continent of Oceania. Overall, the main concept of 1984 is the Party’s need to control every aspect of life, completed through the use of constant surveillance, fear, language and more specifically through the use of these techniques, controlling their thoughts, essentially, Oceania is an environment whereRead MoreHistory and the Novel 1984848 Words   |  4 Pagesideological dictators. The government of Oceania, in the novel 1984, is an example of totalitarian society. Germany, under Adolf Hitlers National Socialism is another example of totalitarianism. Orwells Oceania has both similarities and d ifferences to the totalitarian states of the twentieth century. The government of Oceania is clearly a totalitarian state, which compares and contrasts with Hitlers National Socialism. The state, society, and daily life in Oceania present obvious characteristicsRead More history and the novel 1984 Essay examples840 Words   |  4 Pages The government of Oceania, in the novel 1984, is an example of totalitarian society. Germany, under Adolf Hitler’s National Socialism is another example of totalitarianism. Orwell’s Oceania has both similarities and differences to the totalitarian states of the twentieth century. The government of Oceania is clearly a totalitarian state, which compares and contrasts with Hitler’s National Socialism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The state, society, and daily life in Oceania present obvious characteristicsRead MoreMarxism: 1984 by George Orwell1405 Words   |  6 PagesMarxism In the Novel 1984 Throughout time, rulers and controlling governments have used the ideas of Marxism to take and maintain control over the working class. Even today ideas such as classism and commodification are used in countries such as North Korea and Syria to help governments rule over their citizens. In George Orwell’s 1984 the ideas of Marxism are used to oppress proletariats. The Party tricks the citizens of Oceania into thinking that their propaganda benefits the working class,Read MoreA Warning And Precaution For The Future By George Orwell1405 Words   |  6 Pageswarning and precaution for the future, George Orwell wrote 1984 so future generations could stop the corruption that comes with conformity. Despite this forewarning, it seems as if we are entering an era that has many parallels with the setting of 1984, if not we are pretty close to living that way. With Big Brother constantly monitoring the residents and a face posted everywhere watching citizens every move and sound, th e residents of Oceania experience a similar yet more extreme situation than whatRead MoreComparing 1984 And Fahrenheit 451928 Words   |  4 Pages1984 and Fahrenheit 451 1984, written by George Orwell, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, are similar to each other, however they also have several distinct differences. Both 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 are dystopian themed novels that deal with an overbearing and extremely powerful government. The nations in both novels are involved in wars that never seem to end, and their main characters begin to doubt the government and what society expects of everyone. In both 1984 and Fahrenheit 451, theRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesUsed in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike Oceania, the UnitedRead MoreComparing 1984 And The Hunger Games930 Words   |  4 Pagesand overcrowding† (Dystopia). Both 1984 and The Hunger Games are novels that revolve around dystopian societies. These two dystopian societies have many aspects in common. Each area is controlled by a high authority and contained by a hierarchy, consumed by poverty and struggle, inhumanely surveilled, and revolutions have been formed. The first similarity found between 1984 and The Hunger Games is the authority figures that have control over the public. . In 1984, their form of the police, The ThoughtRead MoreLanguage Manipulation And The Danger1481 Words   |  6 PagesOrwell’s popular novel 1984 takes place in Oceania, currently ruled by The Party Oceania is an example of what Orwell envisions a totalitarian government and society. Oceania, a dystopian environment created by The Party. The Party’s aim is to gain ultimate control by using multiple means of delivery of their â€Å"Newspeak† language to influence the citizens of Oceania. The Party uses the present, the past, and the media to delivery their â€Å"Newspeak† in order to manipulate their citizens into obeying their

Benefits Of A Executive Compensation - 1390 Words

Introduction Over a long period of time, many shareholders in various companies have been complaining about the high executive compensation in the companies. They believe that such executives are draining the resources of such companies at the expense of the shareholders. Despite the non-binding votes from the shareholders against high levels of executive pay, many companies have given a deaf ear to them. Reduction of executive compensation has been a major challenge to many companies. There are various impediments in effecting a reduction in executive compensation. Hiring and retaining top-caliber executives. In the modern cut-throat competition business world, companies are looking for the best executives, who can lead the company into success. To achieve such an objective, companies have to offer higher executive compensation. In addition, so as to retain the best executives who are still working for the company, there is need to maintain a higher level of executive pay, otherwise such top talent will be lured away by other companies. This may have the adverse effects of leading the company into poor performance, and consequently, failure. Therefore, it is paramount that executive compensation is maintained at its best for the overall good of the company ((Hartzell Starks, 2003). Reinforcement of succession planning process. It is important that an organization prepares top-notch executives to take over leadership of the company in the future. Without 2 proper planningShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Executive Compensation And Non Monetary Benefits1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe term compensation refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits that employees receive in exchange for their time, talents, efforts, performance, and results (Bernardin, 2013). Executive compensation is defined as the financial payments and non-monetary benefits provided to high level management in exchange for their work on behalf of an organization. The types of employees that are typically paid with executive compensation packages include corporate presidents, chief executiveRead MoreAn Evaluation Of A Structured Executive Compensation Package1612 Words   |  7 Pagessuitably structured executive compensation package is to engage, retain, and motivate CEOs and senior management. When it comes to attracting the best senior talent, having the right compensation strategy can make the difference between success and failure. Knowing what st rategies work, and those that don’t, is a vital part of any senior recruitment strategy. The objective of this survey is to provide insights into the remuneration and benefits structure and compare the existing compensation package forRead MoreExecutive Compensation: the Ethical and Impact Challenge1629 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Compensation: The Ethical and Impact Challenge                              Executive Compensation: The Ethical and Impact Challenge Executive compensation is defined as the reward given to corporate executive employees for their job performance. Corporate executive employees are the higher echelon company employees and may include the chief financial officersRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates over wages and compensation have been a growing topic of concern. Many people feel that they are entitled to earn more than they currently are. The comparison of executive wages and worker wages has created a backlash from the American public due to the extreme differences in pay. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission adopted the mandate by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that requires public companies to release their chief executive officers pay in relationshipRead MoreMaking A Good Compensation Plan1288 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Making a good compensation plan will motivate the managers. Bad compensation plan could influence the company’s development and damage the shareholders’ value (GordonKaswin, 2010,p2). The XXX Ltd want to design a compensation plan which can attract and retain the executives needed to achieve and its objective of establishing an industry-leading company with high operational performance and maintain shareholders’ value. The issues addressed in this compensation plan is how to protect shareholders’Read MoreWhat Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of High Levels of Executive Compensation?1179 Words   |  5 PagesN8486666 Kasha – Class 07 Executives are often seen as the most crucial person in the companies. Their daily tasks involve both multifarious management and challenging projects in order to promote companies growth and achieve business goals in the competitive business environment. Therefore, most corporations tend to provide decent wages and welfare to executives for their great contribution and irreplaceable value. Although the right executives deserve high compensation, some people suspect thatRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Executive Compensation With Firm Performance1410 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility and Executive Compensation with Firm Performance Introduction The last two decades has seen a significant increase in firm’s investment on corporate social responsibilities (CSR). Jo and Harjoto (2011) propose that a social responsible firm cares about how its operating affects stakeholders, community and environment in the ways that is beyond the legal requirement. The increasing importance of CSR has raised many debates on its influence on firm’s performance, shareholderRead MoreExecutive Compensation655 Words   |  3 PagesExecutive Pay Strategic Issues and Problems: As a result of the current economic crises, many companies are experiencing massive financial losses. These companies are reducing salaries and cutting peoples’ jobs while executives are maintaining high compensations. Using tax payer’s money, the US Government is assisting these financially struggling companies through the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). TARP was created to assist these companies to ultimately allow them to survive and preventRead MoreEthics and Social Responsibility Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthe society. UTILITARIANISM Utilitarianism places high emphasis on the consequences and outcomes of one’s action. It is premised on the general principle that an action is right and ought to be performed insofar as it leads to overall happiness or benefits, as opposed to pains or costs (Chan Shenoy, 2010). However, many businesses have a sole objective of maximizing its profits and shareholder value. While focusing on the interest of its internal stakeholders, the interest of its external stakeholdersRead MoreEnormouse Wealth of CEOs1194 Words   |  5 PagesMark Zuckerburg, the creator of Facebook, made in one year. Executive compensation is bonuses and benefits given to CEO’s of companies on top of the base salary they are receiving. The amount, as you see, can be astronomical which will lead one to question the ethics of employee compensation programs. While it may motivate some people to perform better so they may increase stockholders wealth, it may also have an adverse effect on the execut ive which will have an effect on the entire company as was the

Review Importance of Social Media Purpose †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain the importance of social media purpose? Answer: Introduction The social media has completely revolutionized how the business communicates in the context of work in the 21st century. The modern business world rather than communicating in monolog by broadcasting information through traditional channels is using social media in a unique manner where customers, employees past and present, clients become publishers of content giving their opinions about brands, companies and their services. Organizations are under pressure to adopt social media in all aspects of the business to stay ahead therefore, they are actively implementing the use of social media for bringing quality and efficiency in the work processes. The social media sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are fairly popular tools being deployed by organizations in various forms and ways. The social media is a potent tool for the employers to target a specific segment in a fast and efficient manner and also serve as a rich source of information. However, there a re important ethical issues of privacy and discriminating against those segments which are not adequately represented or don't use the social media or even the veracity of information which is posted with malicious intent and how to interpret the same. It will be worthwhile to examine the risks and benefits associated with the use of social media in business before reaching any conclusions. Benefits of Social Media As per the latest (Correia, 2013) worldwide statistics, there are 3.7 billion internet users (nearly 50% of the world population of 7.5 billion) and 2.8 billion (37% penetration) active social media users and growing at a rate of 21%. The social media for business has become no longer optional and businesses are using (Correia, 2013) it to learn more about customers, engage with them, and extend the reach of the brands. It is good to know whether your current and former employees, competitors, and customers are talking positively about your business and brands. The key benefits to business can be summarized as below. Gaining Customer Insights Social media transactions generate valuable real-time data about the organization's customers. On a daily basis 4.5 billion likes (Correia, 2013) on Facebook, 0.5 billion Tweets on Twitter and close to 1 billion photos and videos uploaded on Instagram have a wealth of information (Hassan, Nadzim and Shiratuddin, 2015) about the customers in terms of who they are, where they live, what do they like, and how do they feel about the company's brands and services. The companies can gain real-time information (Cyr, 2012) about their customers and use the same to make smart business decisions. If the company wants to test the response (Kietzmann et al., 2011) to a new advertising or a couple of Ad films and they can simply upload the same on any of the social media sites to gauge the customer sentiment (Mahajan, 2015), find what are people talking about them and then decide which Ad to finally use. Improvement in Brand Awareness These days most of the companies have their own pages (Hassan, Nadzim and Shiratuddin, 2015) on social media sites to help them connect with their customers. A large proportion of the customers search the net for information before buying any product or service and a good social media presence makes it easier for customers to find and connect with the brands. It also helps in increasing the customer retention, brand loyalty (Cyr, 2012) and making them aware of the new launches etc. Most of the multinationals like Apple, Samsung, and Coke etc have their own pages on Facebook, LinkedIn, and other sites to generate awareness and recognition of their products and services. Run targeted campaigns with measurable results Unlike the mass media communicating mediums like television, Print and Radio Ads which are expensive and can disseminate limited content the Social media is relatively inexpensive and can deliver far more content (Dollinger, 2015) to the audience by the segment of your choice. For example, if you are running a recruitment campaign (Hassan, Nadzim and Shiratuddin, 2015) on LinkedIn you can segment by location, gender, age, companies worked for, job title etc and at the same time one can track and measure the performance in real time. Generate Leads for Increased Sales Social media can help the business in connecting with the potential customers (Dollinger, 2015) due to its wide reach and accessibility. The companies can generate awareness about its products and services and connect (Mahajan, 2015) with the key decision makers and new opportunities. Most of the new age businesses like Amazon and Alibaba who are building their businesses online use these tools to promote their campaigns and increase the sales of their products. Provide Customer Service Social Media can help companies connect with their customers to provide 24/7 support and fast response (Kietzmann et al., 2011) to their queries and complaints. Most of the well-known brands like Apple, Samsung, and even consumer brands like Unilever proactively seek feedback on their products and services and provide resolution to any customer related issues on their social media pages. There are studies to prove that this leads to 5-10% increase in financial gains for companies which do this versus companies who don't use social media. Improve Website Traffic and Search Ranking The social networking sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter allows users to create their own web pages or profiles (Krkkinen, Jussila and Visnen, 2013) which can be used to direct potential customers to the company site by relevant content, use of keywords or promoting the website links. The companies can use appropriate content regarding their products or services to generate the interest of the potential customers or excite them to share the same within their network and thus improve the search rankings as well. This helps in the top of mind recall of brands and hence purchases decisions. Understand competition Companies can monitor social media to gain key insights (?eÃ… ¾b, 2012) and information about the competition by creating search streams to monitor competition basis keywords and mentions of their products which can help them improve their own offering in terms of prices, services or content. Most of the Retail companies track the competitor's prices and new product introductions through this means. Aster Sharing of Content Companies can quickly share their content very quickly by posting on social media for a much wider audience at a fraction of the cost (Krkkinen, Jussila and Visnen, 2013). The traditional media like TV or Print Advertisement are limited in the amount of information that can be shared and also it is a one-way medium but in the case of social media you can interact, generate conversations and get instant feedback (?eÃ… ¾b, 2012) about almost anything from the customers. A suitable example would be of Apple which generated a lot of consumer interest by posting teasers of its new Apple 7 months before its actual launch. The company fed information about the new features of the products at regular intervals to generate consumer interest and subsequent purchase. Target Marketing Most of the social media sites have tools that allow you to market your products and services to a specific set of audience (Krkkinen, Jussila and Visnen, 2013) based on demographics or psychographics. For example, if a company wants to test market its products only in a particular city then it can make its content visible to only customers living in that city which may not be possible with other media. Wal-Mart, the global retail giant for example when they open their store in a new location use social media to tap the customers of a particular location or city. Relationship Building Social media can be an interactive channel which allows you to build an active relationship (?eÃ… ¾b, 2012) with your customers by engaging with them in real time. Any comment posted about the brand can generate likes or dislikes or even start a conversation which helps in generating excitement as well as feedback about the brand which may not be possible in case of other media which is largely passive. For example, most of the companies in travel and tourism use this medium very effectively to get customer reactions to their services. Screening and Recruitment Tool Social media can be used to screen candidates for interview (Balasubramanian, Vishnu and Sidharth, 2016) and quickly gain information about the prospects that is not available in the resume or maybe even disclosed by the candidate during the interview. Most of the social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn provide tools (Madia, 2011) for job searches, placement of recruitment Ads and instantaneous measurement of response which can supplement and speed up the entire recruitment lifecycle of the organization. Risks of Social Media The use of social media also comes with its inherent risks on how it is deployed and used (Gaff, 2014) by the firm. Since the message goes out to a wider audience very quickly and can generate negative comments as well, it poses many risks too which can be hazardous to the business. Indirect events (Gaff, 2014) can also impact business like the news story of a boy which went viral when he mistakenly bought a picture of Sony's "PlayStation 4" instead of the actual product on eBay, however Sony reacted by giving him a new "PlayStation" even though they were not responsible for the same but this act reached millions of social media users creating a positive image about the company but if the company had chosen to be quiet it could have also generated lot of negative comments. On the other hand, we have examples of social media channels like Orkut which were very popular but soon became obsolete (Gehl, 2015) due to new developments and technological changes and therefore the companies wh ich were using this medium had to change their strategy. Social media is a potent medium to build and destroy the image of brands very quickly. The key risks to the business can be summarized as below. Human Error One of the disadvantages of real-time engagement with customers is the possibility of mistakes (Gehl, 2015) that can happen due to lack of adequately trained employees. Usually, the team that manages content may be at times outsourced or could even be junior employees who may not have the maturity to respond. At the same time, there are possibilities of company's social media accounts being hacked and malicious content (Khan, Swar and Lee, 2014) being posted which can be disastrous. This can negatively impact the reputation of the companies. For example in 2011 when Netflix announced a 60% price increase which resulted in a lot of customers reacting negatively to the same and the news became viral on social media impacting the company's stock price and reputation. Even though their CEO subsequently published a video on YouTube apologizing for this incident but it did not help matters and the company is still struggling to recover from this disaster. Lack of Policies and Processes Companies need to formulate the processes and policies (Khan, Swar and Lee, 2014) on use of social media by defining the permissions, data access, escalation and approval matrices etc before it is adopted. The content must be approved by the appropriate authority before the same is posted as per the defined rules otherwise it can lead to chaos. Legal and Compliance The legal issues can be in the realm of privacy laws (Peterson, 2014), ownership of content, infringement of intellectual property rights (Sarikakis and Winter, 2017) and even human resource related such as defamation (Sarabdeen, 2014) etc as it is an open forum and anyone has access to post his comments and views. Companies must also resort to record keeping, compliance with rules of advertising (Makhitha, 2016) while posting content as the same is auditable basis the rules and regulation prevailing in the country. Every message that gets posted is subject to compliance risk and this is even more so in case of pharmaceutical companies (Sarabdeen, 2014) as if any negative side effect of a drug which gets reported by a customer on the social media pages of the company must be reported to FDA and it can even result in that drug being taken off the shelves till further tests prove it otherwise. Data Protection and Security Companies need to comply with each counties local data protection and security laws (Jacobi, 2014) especially if employees are connecting with each other or sharing information across countries. There is also an impending threat of malware or viruses (Jacobi, 2014) creeping into the company's system through the open social media networks through cyber attacks. Sony has suffered (Sarikakis and Winter, 2017) at the customer level when its "PlayStation" customer's personal details were leaked, and at the corporate level when its Hollywood executive's emails were leaked and embarrassing details published on the social media. Operational Challenges Though social media can create a competitive edge but it can also reduce employee productivity (Khan, Swar and Lee, 2014) during work hours if social media is used for personal reasons. It is for this reason alone many companies restrict the use of social media to only a few employees in some departments like Public Relations or Human Resources who have a direct use of the same. This could create operational and other discrimination issues for other employees who are not allowed access. Costs Even though social media is perceived to be "free", companies need to spend (Makhitha, 2016) on bandwidth, content creation, hosting and updating content, maintain records, and manage governance issues for which they will have to hire experts who do not come cheap. Unlike traditional mediums, there is large information to deal with which will require resources to manage the same. Veracity of Information The information available on the social media may or may not be authentic and it is very difficult to establish its veracity. At times the information that is shared on sites is distorted to improve social desirability and to project a certain kind of social image. For example, sites which sell their products online may upload false testimonials of dummy customers to gain acceptance and increase the popularity of their products. It is a known fact that just to get more followers and likes on the page many small and start-up organizations may go to any extreme which may be very different from reality. Conclusions and Trends To summarize, companies need to realize both the benefits and risks associated with the social media communication. If done right it can lead to more customers, traffic, and conversions but at the same time the risks must be managed through good governance and risk control by formulating proper policies and procedures (Flew, 2015) and at the same time deployment of right technology to enforce these policies. The interactive communication by use of social media is perhaps the best change of the 21st Century post the industrial revolution as it has led to more responsible behavior on part of businesses as well as customers. Companies who decide to invest in social media must understand that though it is easy to start but very difficult to maintain and it should confront all the pros and cons (Srauy, 2015) of this medium and analyze the return on investment, that is, how much will the social media cost versus the gains (Flew, 2015) that will accrue, before embarking on this journey. Soc ial media is like a long journey and with the development of new tools and techniques (Srauy, 2015) every second what is good today may not be relevant tomorrow, therefore, the companies who embark on this journey must keep abreast of these changes. Also, companies must interweave the social media strategy with the overall goals and objectives of the organization. References Balasubramanian, D., Vishnu, P. and Sidharth, S. (2016). Social Media as a Recruitment Tool. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 6(3), pp.108-110. Correia, A. (2013). Social Information: Gaining Competitive and Business Advantage Using Social Media Tools20136Scott Brown. Social Information: Gaining Competitive and Business Advantage Using Social Media Tools. Witney: Chandos Publishing 2012. 323 pp. 52.00 soft cover, ISBN: 9781843346678 Chandos Publishing Social Media Series. Online Information Review, 37(1), pp.151-152. Cyr, A. (2012). Social Media. Oncology Times, 34, pp.1-3. Dollinger, M. (2015). Social media: Cui bono? Who benefits from all this socialness?. Business Horizons, 58(3), pp.235-236. Flew, T. (2015). Social Media Governance. Social Media + Society, 1(1), p.205630511557813. Gaff, B. (2014). Corporate Risks from Social Media. Computer, 47(1), pp.13-15. Gehl, R. (2015). The Case for Alternative Social Media. Social Media + Society, 1(2), p.205630511560433. Hassan, S., Nadzim, S. and Shiratuddin, N. (2015). Strategic Use of Social Media for Small Business Based on the AIDA Model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, pp.262-269. Jacobi, J. (2014). Implementation of a cross-border social media strategy. Strategic HR Review, 13(4/5). Krkkinen, H., Jussila, J. and Visnen, J. (2013). Social Media Use and Potential in Business-to-Business Companies Innovation. International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence, 5(1), pp.53-71. Khan, G., Swar, B. and Lee, S. (2014). Social Media Risks and Benefits: A Public Sector Perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 32(5), pp.606-627. Kietzmann, J., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. and Silvestre, B. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), pp.241-251. Madia, S. (2011). Best practices for using social media as a recruitment strategy. Strategic HR Review, 10(6), pp.19-24. Mahajan, R. (2015). Use of Social Media as a New Investigative Tool in Marketing Research for Small Business. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 5(3), pp.129-135. Makhitha, K. (2016). RISKS OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MARKETING TOOL FOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets Institutions, 6(4). Peterson, E. (2014). Business Strategies for Managing the Legal Risks of Social Media. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(3). ?eÃ… ¾b, J. (2012). Social Media Marketing and Brands Social Marketing Behavior. Central European Business Review, 1(1), p.49. Sarabdeen, J. (2014). Legal Risks in Social Media Marketing. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 4(3). Sarikakis, K. and Winter, L. (2017). Social Media Users Legal Consciousness About Privacy. Social Media + Society, 3(1), p.205630511769532. Srauy, S. (2015). The Limits of Social Media: What Social Media Can Be, and What We Should Hope They Never Become. Social Media + Society, 1(1), p.205630511557867

Teachers Perceptions on the Effects of NCLB

Introduction Numerous changes have been introduced in the education system over the last few decades. One of the recent changes is the introduction of new legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which has had a significant influence on the quality of education in schools. Some of people who are the most affected by this legislation are the teachers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers’ Perceptions on the Effects of NCLB specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this literature review, some pertinent questions about the act and its effect on teachers and their experience will be investigated through an analysis of relevant literature on the same. Do teachers feel that NCLB affects their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom? In what way does AYP ranking affect teachers’ instructional practices? The other question that will be answered in the literatur e review and the study is whether (and in what ways) the teachers’ instructional practices have been affected by NCLB accountability policies. Do teachers feel NCLB affects their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom? Many studies have been conducted on the effects of NCLB on operations in schools and the effects on students and their achievements. However, few of these researches investigate the effects that the teachers have experienced because of the same. In most of the researches that are done on the effect of NCLB, some of the findings depict positive effects on the achievements by the students, with the most significant being in math (Dee Jacob, 2011). Despite these findings, it is unlikely that the laws affect the students only. Rather, they also have significant effects on their learning environment, especially their teachers. For sure, the accountability logic in the law suggests that schools find ways of improving students’ performance including the changing of how teachers approach teaching (Manna, 2011). In support of the above postulations, some researchers have concluded that the NCLB has led to teachers spending more of their class time in teaching the major subjects such as math and/or looking for improved instructional strategies, but with reduced productivity (Kinniburgh, Shaw, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The changes in the teaching practices, though meant to introduce positive productivity in the system, have also had some other effects on the teaching staff in the institutions. One of the effects that the teachers have experienced because of the heightened responsibility that is enforced by the law is the amplified sense of performance demands. Despite this aspect of NCLB being a positive and wanted effect of the policy, a sustained performance pressure on teachers may have other u nwanted effects on their performance. Increased and sustained performance pressure on teachers may lead to overwhelming stress and burnout feelings, especially if they perceive the laid down goals to be unattainable. Some authors also state that when the material provided under the NCLB tends to focus on one part or make teachers focus on specific students contrary to the teacher’s professional judgment, they may experience some form of internal conflict, emotional exhaustion, and frustration (Berryhill, Linney, Fromewick, 2009). When teachers are unable to control the knowledge they infuse into students, they also develop a feeling of failure, which may be embarrassing to them, thus serving to demoralize them further. Such has been the effect of NCLB on the performance of some of the teachers. A combination of the effects of such feelings and the normal daily stresses of teaching may be significant enough to frustrate the teachers and reduce their professional output. Evide nce suggests that the concern raised above is a significant cause of concern in the learning institutions. Researchers in the recent years have set to investigate the scope of the problem and the likely recommendations to alter it. Some newspapers, magazines, and other print media sources have quoted some of the teachers frustrated by the laws in their teaching practice. NCLB is a major cause of the frustration. Some of the negative sentiments that teachers have expressed over the NCLB are evident, with some claiming that they are embittered and that they find their work joyless under the legislation. Most of the teachers are familiar with the frustrations caused by the NCLB. Most of them are only compelled to work with it due to the frequent use and adaptation that they have had to go through with time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers’ Perceptions on the Effects of NCLB specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the researchers claimed that teachers’ frustration is based on the judgment they get under the act. According to them, this mode of judgment is unfair. They have frequently expressed concern that they are judged based on factors that are well out of their control, with this often taking an unfair path (Hefling, 2012). Teachers’ unions across the country have also added their voice to the issue. They support the teaching staff over the matter. Their reasoning is similar to that of teachers. How does the NCLB affect teachers and their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom, and what are their feelings on the same? Surveys have been conducted in the past to find out the answers to this question, with teachers actively participating in them. In some of these surveys, findings have supported the view that teachers view the NCLB as a hindrance to maximum performance at their workplace. Most of the teachers in the surveys have unfavorable views towards the NCLB, thus confirming the unfavorable views that they have constantly held about the legislation (Deniston Gerrity, 2010). Despite the numerous studies conducted in response to the expression of the teachers’ frustration over the legislation, most of the findings remain inconclusive. One of the major reasons for this and the unreliability that studies have been met with is the relatively small sample sizes that they have recruited in reaching their conclusion. Thus, the impact of the NCLB on the attitudes that teachers hold on their jobs and working conditions is still a topic for research, with many gaps being left to be studied in the future research. The teacher turnover in the United States is relatively high. There is still no conclusive research relating the turnover to the strict NCLB that they have to contend with at the work place. However, it is well known that the policy is driving good teachers from the teaching profession, with adve rse effects of this being likely to hit the sector in the future. It is a well-known fact that teachers are a significant building block in the education sector.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, they also represent a formidable force in the formulation of policies in the area. It is because of their isolation from the policy making process that has led to policies that affect their careers such as NCLB to be implemented, with this causing the observed teacher turnover. The accountability reforms introduced under NCLB have affected both students and teachers. It is only now that studies are being conducted on the NCLB’s effects on teachers’ attitudes. Some of the other effects of NCLB that have been studied include the resource reallocation and the achievements by students. Most of the other studies have also focused on the effects of NCLB on the test scores in exams, which form a major measure of performance for the laws in the education sector (Hefling, 2012).With all these studies, the findings do not include the attitudes of teachers on the NCLB. Of interest is the satisfaction that they generate the job security and the resultant anxiety. In the r esults of the limited studies conducted over these attitudes, there have been diverse findings, with most of the researches reporting a downbeat association between the responsibility enforced by the rules and the teachers’ feelings. An example of the findings is that the rules enforced by the authorities, with the NCLB being one of them, cause teachers to have a feeling of evaluation under standardized tests. This case is a major cause of anxiety that could mean that most teachers prefer working under an environment with few if any rules, with the existing ones being about developing themselves and their careers. In the findings above, the evidence supports the idea that the teachers are not satisfied under the NCLB. They feel that their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom are being compromised. Despite the introduction of accountability measures in the education sector in the Unites States and elsewhere, there is little observed change in the teaching and training of teachers despite them being the main parties affected by the legislation. In the states where the laws are enforced and where the student populations are large, the average teacher experiences stress levels higher, with a marked breakdown from the unfortunate teachers. There are few motivators in the education sector. The strict rules and accountability laws such as the NLCB have replaced this group. It remains to be seen concerning the negative long-term effects that these laws may have on the education sector. Some of the other researchers with significant work on the topic include (Kinniburgh, Shaw, 2009) whose research indicated that schools that did not manage to perform well as stipulated by the AYP had teachers who were frustrated by their work and/or were unwilling to make further contributions. In general, a teacher is trained to make informed decisions on how to improve the performance of the students. This means that, whenever students are n ot performing as expected, the teacher adjusts the teaching practice to train pupils based on their weaknesses. Those deemed weaker are given more time and practice to improve. With the introduction of the NCLB, teachers are limited in their decision-making and have to rely on the set guidelines to ensure they are followed to the letter. Most of the reports that have internally been conducted in the education sector also indicate the burnout experienced by teachers under the NCLB, with this being a negative effect of the pressure they are subjected to. In the research conducted both before and after the NCLB, teachers indicate a progressive loss of interest with the education sector, with the large number of them interviewed stating that their experiences have been different compared to when NCLB was inexistent. These findings are also supported by literature detailing the effects of NCLB on teachers’ attitudes. They found a change in the teachers’ perception of the st udent and school cultures such as absenteeism. The above literature supports the negative effects of NCLB on the ability of teachers to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classrooms. However, other findings indicate that some of the teachers found the NCLB useful to them and schools in which they worked. Some of the researchers include Dee and Jacob (2010) who reported that the teachers they interviewed believed that the NCLB had contributed to autonomy in their workplace and/or resulted in improved school performance. In another study, teachers reported that the introduction of the NCLB has led to the improvement of their working conditions, with more and more students becoming involved in the class work working as a unit towards the attainment of common goals (Byrd-Blake et al., 2010, p. 461). Across the United States, there has been increased school enrollment, with the performance being relatively constant over a period. However, proponents of the introduction of t he NCLB state that the regulations originally in the education sector were more in the facilitation of completion of school rather than in the quality of students being trained by the institutions. This position is however true for the NCLB. It is leading to the production of students and graduates who are ill equipped to serve in the current job market despite having high qualifications as per the educational standards. Teachers on the other hand manage to produce the right students as per the system, but get exhausted along the way because of the repetition that they have to encounter. In most of the studies that have reported an increased positive performance in the country, the number of teachers who had worked before and after the introduction of NCLB seems higher than that of the first-time workers. This means that they may have a better experience than the latter. A factor of the NCLB that cannot be ignored is the significant relationship that has been shown with the job sati sfaction and stress. These are mainly in the teaching staff as indicated above. However, students have also displayed the same in the course of their learning under NCLB. The satisfaction of the teachers and students as well as the stress that teachers go through can be attributed to the NCLB in one way or the other, and hence a negative factor in the performance of pupils. The literature therefore suggests that the introduction of the NCLB has had negative impacts on the teaching staff, with most of them being unable to discharge their duties to the maximum. Some of the negative effects that are mentioned include the increased pressure that they are expected to work in and the little motivation they get. The few benefits of the NCLB that have been highlighted include the facilitation of autonomy and independence of teachers. Students have also experienced improved performance in their coursework. They have a better understanding of the major subjects such as math. There is however, a lot to be researched to allow adequate answering of the question. Ample research should go towards the area. The next question that the research looks at is the effects that AYP ranking has on the instructional practices for teachers. In what way does AYP ranking affect teachers’ instructional practices? The act that brought into existence the NCLB stipulates that every state in the US should make plans for adequate yearly progress. The act also stipulates actions against the institutions and teachers who do not demonstrate progress towards the achievement of the above. It has affected teachers and their practice. Some of the characteristics in the AYP include the emphasis on math and reading, with each of the students being proficient in them in the school year of 2013-14. The requirements also entail teachers grouping the students into their respective demographic groups and/or ensuring that they achieve the targeted AYP, and hence the expected level by the year 2014. As stated above, the institutions that did not meet the requirements of the NCLB in the form of AYP were liable to corrective action if this exceeded the year 2014. Since teachers have to work with the AYP in mind, this has various effects on their teaching, especially on their instructional practices. The measure applied in the AYP estimation uses the major subjects and student performance in these subjects. Teachers are made to spend more time in them while ignoring other subjects. An example is mathematics where the NCLB has had a significant effect on its teaching and performance. Teachers from schools that do not make the AYP are increasingly under pressure to make students perform. Most of them end up using unconventional methods of teaching and instructional practices. The use of AYP in NCLB was meant to make it a means of measuring the performance of institutions and the teaching staff. Despite the teachers experiencing increased pressure under the act, they also have an easy way of measuring their performance and using it to rank themselves in the country (Byrd-Blake et al., 2010, p. 461). It was also expected that parents would use the AYP to put pressure on learning institutions where their children were in to ensure they got improved services. The proportion of parents who are aware of the existence of AYP is however not large. This means that it has not attracted them to make the institutions accountable. The few parents with awareness however have made the teachers work extra harder, thus contributing to more pressure for them and their instructional practices (Chughati, Perveen, 2013). The AYP ranking, despite being a wonderful way of quantifying the success in the implementation of the NCLB is increasingly making teachers change their instructional practices. This situation is affecting institutions in a negative way. Some of the teachers have also opted to change schools or resign from the teaching practice based on the performance as per the A YP. The rest who have decided to stick to the system often encounter problems with compliance since it is harder to adjust their instructional practices. The education system has benefited from the introduction of the AYP in a number of ways. Many states have set the expected AYP levels for the different cohorts of students. Despite these advances in the sector, little has been done on the side of the teaching staff, with the teaching instruments remaining stagnant. The accountability measure, therefore, causes distress to teachers as they try to meet the standards in an area in which they are not trained (Chughati, Perveen, 2013). The remuneration for the teaching staff is also not commensurate with the pressure that they get from working under the new accountability measures. There is little motivation for them. A combination of these factors makes teaching under the NCLB less interesting, with the AYP having significant effects on the teachers’ instructional practices. Ha s teachers’ instructional practices been affected by NCLB accountability policies? Accountability policies in the teaching institutions and in the education sector in general have their roots several decades ago. They are described as having significant influence on the education sector over this period. Their role can be as old as over 50 years. The introduction of tests as one of the means of measuring the performance of the various parts of the education sector and processes has ensured that the strategy is able to pick and assess students with special abilities with the aim of placing them in line with the vision of the country over the years (Sawchuk, 2010). Some of the earliest of the tests used to compare and investigate the performance of the educational programs, the different schools, and the teaching staff include the Stanford Achievement Test that was set up in 1923. The use of tests was later succeeded by the use of assessments as a measure of different elements of the education system, with the most historic one being the National Assessment of Educational Progress or (NEAP). Some of the programs that followed include Title I, with the more recent being the NCLB Act, which came into being in 2001. All these accountability policies have had significant effects on teaching in the institutions of learning, and undoubtedly on the instructional practices for teachers. Significant work has been conducted relating to the impact of accountability policies on the instructional practices. Earlier in the days, there was an advanced use of testing in the educational sector, and hence one of the reasons why researchers got interested on the effects it may have had on the instructional practices for teachers. What effects does the use of accountability policies and especially testing and NCLB have on teaching? This question remains the pertinent concerning most of the works that were published during this period on the same topic. Some of the researcher s documented positive effects of the policies on teaching, with some of the other researchers observing only negative effects. In the positive findings, the researchers stated that the accountability measures put in place were helpful for teachers in aiding them to make positive changes to their instructional practices. With the initial studies done on the effects of the use of tests as accountability measures, teachers were able to influence their students based on the results of the tests. This strategy also helped teachers to alter positively their instructional practices. Based on these tests too, they had access to the weaknesses and strengths of students. This means that they could influence this to make them better in the particular subjects. The testing also allowed the teaching staff to establish the areas where students did not understand. The strategy allowed more time on the same. It also allowed them to adjust the curriculum according to the benefits of students, thus p aving a way for more time for the important and difficult sections. Teachers could also use these to give feedback to the policy makers and the effectiveness of the measures on the ground together with the changes that needed to be effected as a matter of urgency. Teachers were instrumental in the improvement of instruction in the education sector. This was only possible through the various accountability measures put in place in the sector. Another positive influence that the accountability policies have had on the teaching instructions is the continued contribution from both the teacher and students to the sector. The testing used as a measure of accountability and policy was also useful in measuring the performance of students and therefore a means of establishing the success of the teaching system used. In his work, he reports how teachers in the state of Washington used test results to model the instructions. Teachers got it from the new curriculum, which had been brought about by the same kind of work (1998). Despite the above number of positive findings, several research publications highlight the negative impacts that accountability policies have on the teachers’ instructional practices. Few research studies exist that have detailed the impact of NCLB on the teaching instructional practices in schools that are originally classified as Title I (Spohn, 2008). However, the selected studies in this area are resourceful as per the instructional practices in these schools. In most of these studies, the major findings are the negative effects of the accountability measures on teachers’ instructional practices (Spohn, 2008). With the introduction of NCLB, most of the schools in the United States have devoted most of their time to the important subjects and the technical ones, with some of the rest being victims of the change in policy. This case has therefore generated a lot of criticism from various actors in the educational sector and elsewhere within and without the country. An example of the suggested several negative effects of the accountability include a reduction in the instructional creativity, reduced coverage depth, and some students being unfairly suited in the system. Some of the other negative findings associated with the accountability policies include the use of materials in the teaching process that were not adequately developmental to the students, a pace of learning that was also not appropriate, and the curriculum also suffered decreased flexibility and decreased scope. Despite the curriculum being narrow as indicated above, it contained many topics, which resulted in overcrowding, with some of the topics being given a greater priority than others and being overemphasized. Most of the teachers therefore spend most of time dealing with topics that they regard as being more important in relation to others. Hence, some of the subjects are ignored. This has an overall negative effect on students, as they are not mounded into all-rounded people that the education system ironically demands. Most of the teachers also experienced reduced pleasure in teaching because of the introduction of these accountability measures. In the selection of courses, many of the people who chose to study education science to become teachers did it because of family tradition, the opportunities in this sector, or because of satisfaction that they would get out of this career. The introduction of the accountability policies such as NCLB however means that they can no longer enjoy the career they once cared for. This claim is one of the reasons for the high turnover rate in the profession, with teachers getting increasingly frustrated with the terms of engagement. In the near future, this case is likely to create a crisis as the number of teachers being trained reduces while those in practice quit their jobs. Some of the teachers, if not most of them, had developed effective and innovative methods of teaching be fore the introduction of accountability policies. The introduction of accountability policies such as the NCLB means that these teachers cannot use these methods any more. They have to adapt to the new curriculum, which they describe as lockset only relying on improved tested skills. There are also costs incurred in the above policies, which have contributed towards making the cost of education higher than expected. Teachers’ instructional practices have therefore been affected both positively and negatively by the NCLB accountability policies. Positive effects of NCLB A number of studies have been conducted detailing the positive and negative effects of NCLB, with some being stated above. In this section, a detailed account of some of the studies done on the positive effects of the same will be made. Researchers focused on different parts of the Act in their studies. An example of the said studies is the one by Jennings and Corcoran, (2009), and Dee and Jacob (2010). Jenning s and Corcoran (2009) used the common method to demonstrate the purpose of their study, which was to evaluate the effect of the policy using students from various schools as participants. Test scores from the participating students were used in this study as a measure and proof of the changes in the respective subjects brought about by the policy changes. A major finding especially in the subject of Math is that NCLB has had significant improvement among the concerned students. The observed improvement in the subjects was considerable, with the researchers stating that the Act ensured the technical subjects are allocated more time in school and that the teaching staff members give adequate time for the same. The other study done by Dee and Jacob (2011) also used test scores in the various subjects to prove the changes that have been brought about by the NCLB. In the study, they stated their main purpose of doing the study was to evaluate the impact of No Child Left Behind on student s’ achievement in the various institutions around the different regions of the country. The study also used students from the said institutions as participants. Test scores in Math were the main means of measuring these effects (Dee Jacob, 2011). Compared to the finding by Jennings and Corcoran, Dee and Jacob established that the act had recorded a significant improvement in majorly the technical subjects with math recording the highest benefit of the policy (2011). A combination of these studies proves that the application of the NCLB policy was a timely and important measure that the government and other stakeholders implemented in the education sector. Among other effects that the two studies focused on as a measure of success of the policy is the mean time spent in the various units and subjects before and after the policy. Another of the studies that found a positive utility of the NCLB policy in schools assessed was by Ravitch (2009). The purpose of the study was to an alyze NCLB policy in the form of productivity of schools both in the form of the teaching staff and the students’ achievement. As suggested, the participants in this study were teaching staff and the students. Despite this study applying different means of measuring the success of the policy compared to the above listed studies, the researchers proved that the NCLB had resulted to improved accountability for the teaching staff and improved success in the side of the students. Teachers were found to have devoted more time allocated to the various subjects in the teaching of the technical subjects, and hence the recorded improvement. The above studies positively criticize the NCLB policy and the effects it has had on the teaching and learning in institutions. The similarity is that they all base their measures of success on students’ output, with most of them disregarding other factors such as the staff turnover associated with the policy. Some other studies, however, fo cused on the negative effects that the NCLB has had on the learning institutions, the staff, as well as students. Most of them had negative criticism, with most concluding the negative utility of the same. Studies done depicting the negative effects of the NCLB have mainly been focused on the teaching staff and the effects that the policies have had on them. One such example is the study by Berryhill, Linney, and Fromewick (2009) whose purpose was to spell out some of the effects that teachers have had to deal with since the inception of NCLB. The authors used teachers as the participants. These researchers proved that teachers had an increased level of stress associated directly to the policy. They reported exhaustion from working under the conditions provided in it. They also had an increased frustration with a resultant high turnover of these pillars of the education system. The same negative effects of the NCLB were also observed by Santoro (2011) whose purpose was to investigat e the teaching practices under the NCLB and the effects that it had on the teaching staff. As Santoro proved, the Act provided for the labeling of schools as either successful or failing based on the expected performance under NCLB. Teachers and students were the participants. The author focused on schools that were labeled as failing. These schools were reported to have higher levels of stress, with this outcome negatively affecting their performance and studies respectively (Santoro, 2011). This study also demonstrates the negative effects of the policy and the negative perception that teachers have on it. Ladd conducted a study whose purpose was to present the effects of NCLB and the perception of teachers. He managed to get some negative effects of the policy on the teaching staff (Ladd, 2011). The study that used teachers from government institutions as participants proved that the teachers working for the government and hence under the policy demonstrated impatience and lack o f satisfaction and self-fulfillment (Ladd, 2011). The study suggested that the implementation of the policy had influenced studying in the learning institutions. This revelation was also a negative effect of the output compared to the private institutions. Winstead (2011) conducted a cross-sectional study with the purpose of finding out the effect of NCLB and responsibility of social studies. â€Å"A group of teachers—eight females and one male—participated in this study at a large urban university in southern California† (Winstead, 2011, p. 223). Their findings included the conclusion that the effects were less in relation to the expectations in the states where NCLB is under strict application. Winstead proved, â€Å"NCLB-dictated subject matter focus and dominance in schools† (2011, p.223). The training of teachers and instructors in the emphasized subjects took place before the implementation of the Act. Once it came into effect, most of them were una ble to integrate this useful tool into the daily learning of students. The result is the poor efficacy of the tools. The Act has also been misused in the past, thus creating a negative attitude among people who are responsible for its implementation. Bloxham and Boyd (2012) also conducted a similar study on the development and implementation of curriculum in the presence of the NCLB. The study’s purpose was to investigate how the education sector is accountable when handling students’ marks. The study used â€Å"12 academic tutors from two post-1992 universities in England† (Bloxham Boyd, 2012, p. 622). The findings proved the aspect of accountability in terms of implementing NCLB hence putting blame on the policies that contribute to the withering of gains in the education sector. As Bloxham and Boyd prove, â€Å"Accountability appears to be viewed by some in a competitive or anxious way† (2012, p. 623). A number of schools were sampled in this study, w ith most of them being useful in the conclusion making. A similar study conducted on job stress also stated that a major contributor of the work-related stress for teachers is the implementation of the NCLB that enables them to work at more pressure (Noblett, Rodwell, 2009). The strain on teachers may be attributable to a number of policies in the education sector. Some of the more commonly attributed ones include the NCLB and the Common Core. Common Core Common Core State Standards were meant to improve the performance of students in schools around the country in the scientific subjects, and in mathematics in particular. The implementation of the standards had a close effect to that of the NCLB policy. There are studies done detailing the performance of the measure against the expected results and the purpose for which it was created. One of the literatures detailing the success of the Common Core standards in the local classrooms is the work of Kinniburgh, and Shaw (2009) whose p urpose was to establish whether there was any relationship between the performance of students and the Common Core standards. The study consisting of over 50-student participants used the test scores and evaluated the performance in science subjects against the benchmark. Among the policies under study were the Common Core principles. The authors proved that these principles were found to have a significant contribution to the performance of these students. In their work, the researchers came across some recorded improvement in the subject of Math that was attributable to the Common Core principles. Other researchers also found a direct relationship between the positive and improved performance of the listed subjects and the Common Core. Ewing conducted a survey whose purpose was to test the effectiveness of the Common Core standards in the learning and teaching of math in schools in and around the state (2010) using both teachers and students as participants. The author proved that the implementation of Common Core has added advantages for both the teaching fraternity and students in that it ensures that they are able to plan and form objectives for their study. Teachers had the challenge of effective study methods. With the implementation of the Common Core, the output was recorded to increase with subsequent better performance. Manos (2009) on the other hand used a different assessment criterion for the Common Core principles with the purpose of showing their effect on the curriculum, especially on higher education around the country with the utilization of teaching staff. Upon using staff members from various institutions as participants, his findings, however, proved those of the previous two studies indicating a positive effect of the policy on students’ performance. The result of the study was a recommendation to the use of the policies in institutions of learning as they were found to be beneficial. Therefore, the serious follow-up and implement ation of all the aspect that it constitutes are likely to have positive effects on the education system. The major effect will be improved performance and a resultant general improvement in the level of population qualification. Despite the researchers above indicating the positive effects of the Common Core, there are those who observed other detrimental effects and unwanted interference with students’ performance. They explored in details the effects of the policies on the average student’s performance using students as participants by involving the comparison of their expected results with the available output. Phillips and Wong were some of the researchers who did studies with the purpose of establishing the effects of common Core principles on learning, only to deduce negative impacts of the same on the education system (2010). In their work, they were able to prove that even with the considerable time that the standards have been in place in most of the states, d ifficulties were evident in their implementation and follow-through, with the bulk of the institutions recording some poor results in the main subjects as compared to what is expected. The study utilized various schools as participants. The main aim was to establish the utility of Common Core standards in learning institutions. Conclusion In conclusion, the policies applied in the education sector have both a positive and negative side. Although they are implemented to oversee improved performance in some of the technical subjects, these policies have eroded some of the gains that had been realized in other subjects and in education as a whole. NCLB principle has been a source of improved performance for students, just as it has been witnessed with the Common Core. However, these principles have several weaknesses as detailed in the paper based on the works of various researchers. Reference List Berryhill, J., Linney, A., Fromewick, J. (2009). The effects of education accountabilit y on teachers: Are policies too stress provoking for their own good? International Journal of Education Policy Leadership, 4(5), 1-14. Bloxham, S., Boyd, P. (2012). Accountability in grading student work: securing academic standards in a twenty-first century quality assurance context. British Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 615-634. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=13sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 Byrd-Blake, M., Afolayan, O., Hunt, W., Fabunmi, M., Pryor, W., Leander, R. (2010). Morale of teachers in high poverty schools: A post-NCLB mixed methods analysis. Education and Urban Society, 42(4), 450-472. Chughati, D., Perveen, U. (2013).A study of Teachers’ Workload and job Satisfaction in Public and Private Schools at Secondary Level in Lahore City Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Sciences Humanities, 2(1), 1-13. Dee, T., Jacob, B. (2010). The impact of no child left behind on students, teachers, and schools. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 41(2), 149-207. Dee, T., Jacob, B. (2011). The impact of no child left behind on student achievement. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30(3), 418-446. Deniston, D., Gerrity, W. (2010). Elementary school teachers’ perceptions of no child left behind and its effect on morale. Scholarly Partnerships, 5(2), 4. Ewing, J. (2010). The Common Core Math Standards: Implications for Teacher Preparation. Retrieved from http://opportunityequation.org/teaching-and-leadership/common-core-math-teacher-preparation Hefling, K. (2012). Education law’s promise falls short after 10years. New York: Associated Press. Jennings, L., Corcoran, P. (2009). Beware of geeks bearing formulas. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(9), 635-640. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 Kinniburgh, L., Shaw, L. (2009). Using question-answer relationships to build: Readi ng comprehension in science. Science Activities, 45(4), 19 -28. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 Ladd, F. (2011). Teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions: How predictive of planned and actual teacher movement? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(2), 235-261. Manna, P. (2011).Education: Federal government programs and issues. Oxford Bibliographies. New York: Oxford University Press. Manos, A. (2009). Opt to take an active role in your child’s education. Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 89(1), 22-23. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 Nichols, S. L. Berliner, D.C. (2008, March).Testing the joy out of learning. Educational Leadership, 65(6), 14-18. Noblett, J. Rodwell, J. (2009). Integrating job stress and social exchange theories to predict employee strain in reformed p ublic sector contexts. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(3), 555-578. Phillips, V., Wong, C. (2010). Tying together the common core of standards, instruction and assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 91(5), 37-42. Retrieved from http://bswpservicelearningandinquiry.wikispaces.com/file/view/CCSS_article_for_WS%5B1%5D.pdf Ravitch, D. (2009). Time to kill ‘no child left behind. Education Digest, 75(1), 4-6. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 Santoro, A. (2011). Good teaching in difficult times: Demoralization in the pursuit of good work. American Journal of Education, 118(1), 1-23. Sawchuk, S. (2010). Teaching, curricular challenges looming; Quality Counts 2010. Education Week, 29(17), 19. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2010/01/14/17practical.h29.html Spohn, C. (2008). Teacher perspectives on No Child Left Behind and arts education: A case study. Arts Education Policy Review, 109(4), 3-12. Winstead, L. (2011). The Impact of NCLB and Accountability on Social Studies: Teacher Experiences and Perceptions about Teaching Social Studies. The Social Science, 182(1), 221-7. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12sid=5fc76088-932a-41be-8490-c374200f9c11%40sessionmgr10hid=6 This essay on Teachers’ Perceptions on the Effects of NCLB was written and submitted by user Cristopher C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today Essay Example

Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today Essay Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today Kimberly Acreman Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CJA/423 Brian Bugge January 25, 2010 Today’s criminal justice system encounters several difficult and problematic circumstances. However, the following paper will refer to involvement in disparity and discrimination within court procedures and law enforcement. Each situation discussed will pertain to disparity and discrimination within today’s criminal justice system. In some situations disparity can result from discrimination. The following paper will provide examples, definitions, contrast of disparity and discrimination, and comparison. Disparity is based on two elements known as legal and extralegal and do not mean discrimination exactly. The legal element supplies lawful explanations for decisions based on one’s criminal behavior and record. For instance, in court when determining a sentence or amount of time one should receive for breaking the law by burglary, rape, murder, etc. Another instance, law enforcement officials arrest an individual for burglary based on the individual’s past criminal history, and the fact that the individual was not far from the scene of crime. The extralegal element contains gender, lifestyle, class status, and nationality. However, these particular elements are not lawful basis for determinations. For instance, in court the determination of sentencing for individual to serve will not be based on nationality, but rather on statics of the population and community; as well as the appearance of the individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Disparity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Today specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In result, discrimination constitutes a different approach or determination against individuals based on nationality, religion, class status, etc. Discrimination is composed of four types known as systematic, contextual, institutionalized, and individual discriminating acts. Systematic is the discrimination within the criminal justice system, contextual pertains to particular crimes, institutionalized pertains to the criminal record and behavior, and finally the individual acts of discrimination is the individual’s own actions. For instance, law enforcement officials notice a woman on a street that is known for prostitution but what the law enforcement officials do not know is the woman is walking home from the bar. The law enforcement officials pull over, stop the woman, and arrest her based on the outfit she is wearing. Therefore, the result was based on the woman’s appearance and location she must be a prostitute. Another instance of discrimination would be a Middle Eastern woman who is accused of making terroristic threats. The judge does not base his decision on lack or quality of evidence, but rather bases his decision on nationality and history. Therefore, the judge decided the Middle Eastern woman was guilty based on assumptions or stereotypes of Middle Eastern individuals. The end of result of the judge’s determination led to people on the outside looking in and wondering if we as a country have any unity among individuals of different nationalities. Therefore, when comparing disparity and discrimination they are alike because they both focus on sentencing an individual for a crime committed either in court or by arrest. Both disparity and discrimination assist in determining on whether or not an individual is guilty or an assumption that an individual is guilty. When contrasting disparity and discrimination an individual is sentenced on a separate scale that is typically harsher. Discrimination separates into several difficult situations that compare to disparity, but are limited in the area. Discrimination can be possible and yet ending in results. However, they are not the same. Therefore, we can decrease the chance of discrimination by making sure that all laws are applied equally to all individuals who break them. If an African American is arrested and charged for a drug offense, and it is their first offense then the individual should receive the same sentence determination as any other individual with regard to their personal criminal history and the seriousness of the crime. What many people ponder about is how can just as many white people deal drugs as African Americans, but yet they receive unequal and unfair punishments with one another. Therefore, constant and consistent punishments are crucial to decline disparity and maybe even deduct the belief that our system discriminates. The biggest obstacle will be to make sure that all local and state departments come together to reach a solution that everyone can agree with. This is the biggest obstacle because every area from rural to urban to city have their own crimes that they are tougher and more lenient on. However, it is these particular inconsistencies that fault our system and makes people whole heartedly believe that our system discriminates (2006, Rivera). In closing, discriminating situations do happen within our justice system, and it is crucial for our system that reform is developed. Without some come of reform that focuses on racial disparities within our system the next generation of prisoners will be created. Therefore, reform is crucial to cease any disparities and discrimination within our system to resolve the particular issues pertaining to disparity and discrimination. Reference Rivera, B (2006, March 15) Disparity verses Discrimination in the Justice System. 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Understanding Technology Assessment essays

Understanding Technology Assessment essays The purpose of this report are intend to describe WHAT is Technology Assessment, HOW it was evolved, and justifications on WHY theres needs for Technology Assessment. The report briefly covers the definition of the major Technology Assessment paradigms, and attempt to analyze the differences between Eijndhoven and J. Schot/A. Rips views on Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) paradigm. Four major technology assessment tools and methods will also be introduced together with its useful applications and limitations. The last section of the report deals with how different engineering disciplines incorporate technology assessment into their decision-making processes with real examples from todays engineering world. The section finishes with judgments on how far are we in incorporating CTA into decision-making processes, and whats the future holds for current technology assessment paradigms. Why do we need technology assessment? Why technology assessment is considered to be an essential part of todays modern engineering activity and technological development? Because being an engineer we are not only engineering the technology but we are also engineering the society. And often, many of the negative and undesirable byproducts of such activities are being poured into our society due to the lack of insight investigation. Engineers also have to realize that technology is not simply the rational product of scientists and engineers. It is often the product of the public perceptions and speculation[1]. Technical artifacts and process do not operate in a vacuum. [1] During the early stage of the technology assessments establishment, the motives behind it were to serve as an early warning system intended for decision-makers to avoid unwanted side effects from the new the technologies [2]. But it was then realized the early warning system lacked nei...

Trends Related To the Social, Economic, Technological, Competitive, Assignment

Trends Related To the Social, Economic, Technological, Competitive, and Regulatory Forces that Relate to the Product or Service - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that economic factors include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. The current economic slowdown ensures that clients will start focusing on alternatives which will save their energy bill in the long run. It has been observed that new technologies create new products and new processes. It may be observed here that solar installations have become must more cost-efficient in the least efficient. Continuous R&D has also ensured that cost of production of other energy conserving products has gone down. Greenomics has a distinct first-mover advantage as the market is still new for players to come in and set up shop. Since it is a very new market, Greenomics may enjoy unique benefits while negotiating with its suppliers and end clients. Regulatory factors are the biggest positives that Greenomics have and will continue to, encounter in their quest. With the current global trend favori ng carbon credit regulations and the move towards the ‘Green Office’, clients seem to be lined up for Greenomics! The most important factor that needs consideration while calculating the target market for Greenomics is the fact that the concept of a ‘Green Office’, is still a new concept. So there are no set benchmarks, no set pattern and no established rules concerning the use of energy efficient techniques. The market for Greenomics will consist of all interested in having in place energy-conserving techniques at a place. The initial customers will be comprised of offices who are interested in saving money on the power bill in the long run. A more conscious clientele will, however, emerge, who are concerned about the immense environmental costs associated with traditional energy and thus focus on better and more efficient methods.

Age of Enlightenment and How It Affected Art Essay

Age of Enlightenment and How It Affected Art - Essay Example As the paper highlights Painting revolved during this time following the emergence of Rococo art that replaced the then popular baroque art. It was mainly concerned with the emphasis on airy grace and refined pleasures of boudoir and the salon, porcelain and delicate jewelries, artful dances, wooded scenes and women, especially women in the nude. Moreover, rococo painters specialized in other areas like portraiture, displaying aristocratic subjects in their finery, beautified and idealized on their canvas. An example of a rococo painting was that of Watteau Antoine that blended a lot of fantasy with heightened observations of nature. The painting conveyed and portrayed the ease, as well as, the lavishness of French court life. Watteau was succeeded in the painting job by several other Europeans. Jean Fragonard and Francois Boucher were his French successors. There were also Italian painters like Giovanni Tiepolo who also displaying rococo influences. There were some paintings, mainly from England, which lacked rococo frivolity. However, most English painters were influenced by the style; among them were Thomas Gainsborough and Reynolds Joshua. One of the current examples of early painting is the London Street scenes done by one of the English painters, William Hogarth. Another one is Francisco Goyas court portraits existing in Spain. In conclusion, art, as part of science, developed during the enlightenment age. It was facilitated by individuals and the societies which knew the importance artistic works.

Literacy Part B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literacy Part B - Essay Example While people in younger age brackets have led part or all of their lives with computers at work, school, and home, the elderly have simply not grown up with the computer and the online community. Even so, studies have shown that computer and Internet interest levels among the elderly and younger people are identical (Czaja, 1997). Social stereotyping by a younger population has assumed that the elderly have no interest in becoming wired, and the interpretation of elderly feelings of uncertainty and self consciousness concerning computer use has been interpreted as techno-phobia by the younger population. For years, the elderly population has largely been â€Å"written off† by those who could have otherwise intervened more positively. Consultation with the librarian revealed that Mukilteo Library’s main users are the elderly and teens. Teens may have the chance to learn information literacy and information technology through their school or school libraries. However, the elderly have a very low chance to learn these skills, and moreover Mukilteo city and library have no senior centers or services for seniors in Mukilteo and the surrounding communities. Mukilteo Library serves approximately 2,000 elderly in the city of Mukilteo (U.S. Census Bureau). Although it is the responsibility of Mukilteo Library to serve not only the senior population, but the community population as well, only the senior population is relevant for the purpose of this assignment. Mukilteo Library will design three-part training workshop which is aimed at elderly people, age 65 and older; who have had little or no previous exposure to computers and the World Wide Web. This workshop will be held in a classroom setting, in the computer lab, as will the lab portion. These courses will consist of one hour long sessions held once a week for three weeks. Throughout the three

Problem Statement Of Telecom Technologies

Problem Statement Of Telecom Technologies The history of telephony took birth in 1876 when Graham Bell succeeded in making first ever voice transmission; then we observed 1st public cellular phone in 1946 and the introduction of the very first commercial mobile network in 1992. Weve been moving forward, making great discoveries all along, making innovations in different technologies, disciplines and life styles. 1992 was a start of the speech transmission now which stands as a perfect master piece of art and is ready to take a jump into the hyper connectivity. We have jumped into a BW hungry population which have ensued in overturning the technologies and the mobile telephony is no exception to that. Infact data requirement now explicates major revenue pours in any modern mobile network, so we are always hunting for methods to heighten and step-up the data rates. From the infancy mobile networks in 1992 grew to a developed network into the 2nd Generation then 2.5th Generation networks. Then we observed a transition from GSM technology to UMTS or WCDMA. That was called as 3rd Generation Technology. 1.2 Problem Statement Progression in telecom technologies has become an unavoidable phenomenon. Telecom markets are reshaping themselves into 3G networks. 3G UMTS/WCDMA licensing and spectrum auctioning has happened in all the major markets including the developing economies similar to Pakistan. There are almost over 405 million UMTS/WCDMA subscribers in 320 networks in over 130 countries. This number is growing at an exponential pace as more and more networks embrace this technology. However, Pakistan has unfortunately delayed the 3G licensing and spectrum auction now for over 3 years and is lagging behind in offering broadband and other consumer oriented EM (electronic mobile) applications such as health, education, commerce, video conferencing over its mobile networks. While, the importance of 3G licensing is a key aspect from the consumer point of view but an early adoption by the operators could have resulted in less capex and opex today since most of the sites especially in the larger cities are for providing excess Voice Data capacity which could have been avoided by deployment of 3G networks While, some of the operators are still resisting the 3G licensing but most of them have shown this resistance due to likely higher Spectrum Fee being envisaged by the Government for 3G. The Operators are of the view that the spectrum should be offered at cheaper tariff so that investment goes into infrastructure and not licensing. The other issue confronting the regulator and policy makers is whether to open up the process to new players or limit the auction to only the existing operators. To Identify and Analyse Impediments of 3rd Generation Telecommunication Technology to Develop Remedial Measures for its Early Deployment in Pakistan 1.3 Objectives of Thesis To study Mobile Wireless Technologies To Study and Analyze Market and Consumer Requirements for 3G To Study and Analyze the current Telecommunication Policies, Rules and Regulations with regards to the adoption and implementation of Technologies To identify Impediments (Issues and Challenges) in deployment 3G (Conclusions) To present Measures and Recommendations for early deployment of 3G in Pakistan 1.4 Significance of Research Due to consistent and unwavering growth patterns Pakistan Mobile Industry has achieved land mark of 100 million subscribers at the end of July 2010. In order to make the sector more efficient in utilizing the telecom resources, PTA has implemented the infrastructure sharing SOPs, which will not only make the operators more efficient but also would give them huge cost saving and reduce environmental hazards in the country. The much awaited 3G licensing is just around the corner, where all the necessary work has been completed and the Authority is waiting for a policy by the Government of Pakistan to initiate the licensing process. In continuation to its efforts PTA has been arranging seminars on 3G for creating awareness about the 3G services and to foresee and discuss the challenges that the industry may face with the introduction of 3G services. 3G is known as Third generation telecommunication technology as specified in the ITU standards. Unveiling of this technology has chipped in a new driving force to the mobile concepts. It now extends the user, a broad array of facilities. The most significant among them is the efficient use of the spectrum. Ameliorated efficiency in the system has bestowed upon the availability of broadband internet in the cellular phone. This remarkable invention has also made it possible to accomplish extended wireless telephony, broadband internet and video calls in the cell phone. Strictly speaking, the 3G technology has overturned the requirements to make it a complete, compact device by providing multifaceted applications. Using internet on the 3G phone has established a new attribute to the all-pervasive internet usage. The 3G technology has successfully attained faster service facilities. Development of a website or making a blog is now simpler then ever before. Desktops, due to its static nature have certain limitations. While mobile phone could accomplish the same result as its similitude, it was a good change for the consumers. Impact of this new technology in the cell phone sphere will be satisfying. Mobile phone industry is functioning in a superb competitive environment. By use of this technology, the user can browse internet and find an online dealer to purchase the products. Other fields that have profited from this technology are; online entertainment, messaging, news and security. 1.5 Limitations of the Research Though Officials of PTA were very accommodative and provided with the thorough and comprehensive information about upcoming 3G technology but all was an unofficial version moreover they were hesitant to provide with the definite PTA policy on the adoption of 3G. Due to rivalry and cutthroat competition among the Mobile Telecom Operators, access to their information regarding up gradation or operational readiness of 3G infrastructure was somewhat inaccessible. 1.6 Research Methodology 1.6.1 Phase 1 Initially Problem was identified, Despite having second highest teledensity, Pakistan is the only country left in the region to deploy 3G Technology 1.6.2 Phase 2 In the second phase it was compulsory to get to know about the 3G technology right from the scratch to learn its economics over the existing technologies. We studied the architecture of the mobile networks of all the technologies from 1G to 3G consulting the web (thanks to the web inventors), the published white papers and the Books on Wireless Technology. 1.6.3 Phase 3 In this phase we paid visits to PTA, FAB and the Mobile Operators, and were able to get unofficial version of their views regarding deployment of long awaited 3G technology in Pakistan. Moreover we pondered over the case studies of different countries who adopted 3G technology. Example in hand is India. 1.6.4 Phase 4 While studying the international trend towards 3G we made a compared the statistics of the market and consumers of Pakistan and more over had a look into the concerns of the regulatory body and the mobile operators. 1.6.5 Phase 5 We then analysed the situation and came up with certain issues / concerns of the government, the mobile operators and the consumers. A solution representing remedial measures have been highlighted, following which will address the issues and create a roadmap for early adoption of 3G technology as there is lot of potential for the operators as well the government to earn fortune. 1.7 Structure of the Thesis Introduction (Chapter-1) In this chapter Introduction and Background along with significance of research, limitations and methodology has been highlighted. Literature Review (Chapter-2) In this chapter Mobile Wireless Technologies including 3G have been thoroughly deliberated upon with an over view on technologies beyond 3G. Analysis and Discussions (Chapter-3-6) In these chapters Consumer Market and Regulations have been dwelled upon to find out the impediments delaying the adoption of 3G in Pakistan. Epilogue (Chapter-7-8) In these chapters we have put across recommendations to the Government and the Operators to address the issues highlighted and pave a smooth way to adoption of the next generation telecommunication technology.

English Transformation Practice Essay Essay

Composers often use different methods to portray similar ideas to their audience. How have the two texts you have studied reflect the same ideas in different ways?  Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew and Jill Junge’s 10 Things I Hate about You are examples of where composers have used different methods to portray similar ideas to their audience. This essay will compare the three common themes the texts share, including marriage and dating, deception and disguise and the role and hierarchy of women in society. By comparing the dramatic and film techniques used in each of these respective texts, the common themes are expressed in their individual ways which ultimately are able to engage their audiences. Traditionally, economics and financial gain have been the more important aspect in relationships, especially marriage, as opposed to love. The marriage and dating customs of society have remained relatively similar overtime. In Taming of the Shrew, the audience is given an exclusive view into what marriage meant to society and individuals of the Elizabethan period. William Shakespeare conveyed how marriage as a financial gain was specifically applied to peoples during his era in Taming of the Shrew, where in Act 1 Scene 2, Petruchio and his servant Grumio visit Hortensio’s house. Petruchio boldly announces his quest to wed a rich wife. â€Å"†¦I come to wive it wealthily in Padua, if wealthily then happily in Padua.† Such a blunt statement clearly shows Petruchio’s ‘gold digger’ of a personality and his values when it comes to marriage, most likely influenced by the society he lives in. When Hortensio refers Petruchio to Katherina as part of a devious scheme for Bianca, the dramatic irony only further enhances how when it comes to women, men of Petruchio’s standard prioritize marriage as a financial transaction first, then their own feelings or even the feelings of the intended and that the view of the female is not taken into account. In this way, Shakespeare is able to demonstrate the value of marriage and by comparing this to 10 Things I Hate about you, it is evident that the same values still apply. The modern day teenage filmic text is still able to portray marriage and dating mostly as a profitable process through a different setting. When Joey asked Patrick to take out Kat, again, for his own warped benefit, including the punchline that if Patrick were to make Kat his own problem, a generous compensation would be rewarded, Patrick immediately becomes interested. â€Å"†¦you’re going to pay me to take out some chick? How much?†. This question highlights Patrick’s cleverly concealed interest in this deal because it ultimately involves money. Throughout this scene, Joey is seen mostly cast in sunlight, which suggests an almost innocent like motive to his request, where as Patrick is seemingly more of the selfish, sullen and nasty party in his business deal, because it is all for money, and he is completely disregarding or holding no respect for what Kat’s opinion and emotions might be on this matter if she heard of it. Jill Junge also makes effective use of medium shots, where the surly facial expressions of Patrick and arrogant body language of Joey and Patrick can be observed in more detail during their conversation. It also shows the reactions and emotions of them both whilst finalizing their business deal. The camera works and techniques of Jill Junge in this scene evidently express the monetary benefits of marriage and dating throughout time, from Shakespeare’s time well into the modern day. Deception and disguise in the two set texts involves harmlessly deceiving one, or multitudes of people by impersonating someone, or good at something they’re in actual fact not, the result of which is gaining something in personal value. Shakespeare expresses his interpretation of deception and disguise through Act I Scene II where upon arrival in Padua Lucentio and Tranio swap identities with each other as part of the plan to capture Bianca’s heart. Tranio assures â€Å"†¦when I am alone, why then I am Tranio, but in all places else, your master Lucentio.† Master and servant are well disguised as someone they’re not, and the chess pieces are set. Furthermore, Baptista, Bianca, Petruchio and the others of the story are deceived by the role swapping of Lucentio and Tranio. Again, the use of dramatic irony further increases the ‘masquerade’ atmosphere developing in this scene, thus supporting the theme of deception and disguise, for masquerades often involve not knowing the identity of anyone as their face is so effectively shielded with masks. Shakespeare cleverly inserts the concept of deception and disguise within his play that it becomes an important and crucial element to the plot, and when compared back to 10 Things I Hate about You, deception and disguise is another important and crucial element to the plot.